{"id":653,"date":"2012-12-25T23:00:05","date_gmt":"2012-12-25T14:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/?p=653"},"modified":"2018-11-14T16:33:57","modified_gmt":"2018-11-14T07:33:57","slug":"rails%e3%83%a9%e3%82%a4%e3%83%96%e3%83%a9%e3%83%aa%e7%b4%b9%e4%bb%8b-n1%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e3%82%92%e6%a4%9c%e5%87%ba%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e3%80%8cbullet%e3%80%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/2012\/12\/25\/rails%e3%83%a9%e3%82%a4%e3%83%96%e3%83%a9%e3%83%aa%e7%b4%b9%e4%bb%8b-n1%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e3%82%92%e6%a4%9c%e5%87%ba%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b%e3%80%8cbullet%e3%80%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"Rails\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u7d39\u4ecb: N+1\u554f\u984c\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u300cbullet\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9234\u6728\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
Rails \u306e\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3092\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u300cN+1 \u554f\u984c\u300d\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3001bullet \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
N+1 \u554f\u984c\u3068\u306f\u3001OR \u30de\u30c3\u30d1\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3057\u304c\u3061\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f55\u304b\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u753b\u9762\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001<\/p>\n
\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5e97\u8217\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u753b\u9762\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u90fd\u9053\u5e9c\u770c.\r\nclass Prefecture < ActiveRecord::Base\r\nend\r\n\r\n# \u5e97\u8217.\r\nclass Shop < ActiveRecord::Base\r\n belongs_to :prefecture\r\nend<\/pre>\n\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30e9\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
class ShopsController < ApplicationController\r\n def index\r\n @shops = Shop.order(:id)\r\n end\r\nend<\/pre>\n\u5e97\u8217\u4e00\u89a7\u306e View \u3067\u306f\u3001\u5e97\u8217\u540d\u3068\u5e97\u8217\u306e\u3042\u308b\u90fd\u9053\u5e9c\u770c\u540d\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
<h1>\u5e97\u8217\u4e00\u89a7<h1>\r\n\r\n<% @shops.each do |shop| %>\r\n <div><%= shop.name %> (<%= shop.prefecture.name %>)<\/div>\r\n<% end %><\/pre>\n\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u5e97\u8217\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3001\u3001\u306a\u3093\u3068\u5e97\u8217\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff01\u666e\u901a\u3067\u3059\u306d\u30fb\u30fb\uff08\uff3e\uff3e\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u30ed\u30b0\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u8997\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068 prefectures (\u90fd\u9053\u5e9c\u770c\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb) \u3078\u306e SELECT \u304c\u5927\u91cf\u306b\u884c\u306a\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff01\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5927\u5909\u3067\u3059\u306d\u30fb\u30fb\uff08\uff3e\uff3e\uff1b<\/p>\n
Shop Load (0.7ms) SELECT \"shops\".* FROM \"shops\" ORDER BY id LIMIT 20\r\n Prefecture Load (0.3ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 73 LIMIT 1\r\n CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 73 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.4ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 126 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 36 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 26 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 96 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 52 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 34 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 47 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 56 LIMIT 1\r\n CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 26 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 12 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 70 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 31 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.1ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 11 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 109 LIMIT 1\r\n CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 34 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 107 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.2ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 114 LIMIT 1\r\n Prefecture Load (0.1ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" = 24 LIMIT 1<\/pre>\n\u3053\u308c\u304c N+1 \u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306a\u4e0d\u5177\u5408\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c N+1 \u554f\u984c\u306e\u5acc\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u5f35\u308a\u5fd8\u308c\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306b\u5acc\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
bullet \u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001Gemfile \u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
gem 'bullet', :group => :development<\/pre>\n\u958b\u767a\u4e2d\u306e\u307f\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001:group => :development \u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
bundle install \u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
bundle install<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
config\/environments\/development.rb \u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
config.after_initialize do\r\n Bullet.enable = true\r\n Bullet.alert = true\r\n Bullet.bullet_logger = true\r\n Bullet.console = true\r\n Bullet.rails_logger = true\r\nend<\/pre>\n\uff08\u203b2013\/07\/04 \u8ffd\u8a18: bullet-4.4.0 \u304b\u3089 disable_browser_cache \u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304b\u3089\u3082\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9805\u76ee\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u3082\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8a73\u7d30\u306f bullet \u306e\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u5e97\u8217\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n
bullet \u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u5e97\u8217\u4e00\u89a7\u753b\u9762\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30dd\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
user: caracal\r\nN+1 Query detected\r\n Shop => [:prefecture]\r\n Add to your finder: :include => [:prefecture]\r\nN+1 Query method call stack\r\n...<\/pre>\n\u66f0\u304f\u3001\u300cN+1 \u554f\u984c\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u691c\u7d22\u6642\u306b :include => [:prefecture] \u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300d\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
Rails3 \u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u300c:include => [:prefecture]\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300cinclude(:prefecture)\u300d\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
class ShopsController < ApplicationController\r\n\r\n def index\r\n # @shops = Shop.order(:id)\r\n @shops = Shop.order(:id).includes(:prefecture)\r\n end \r\n\r\nend<\/pre>\n\u518d\u5ea6\u3001\u5e97\u8217\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4eca\u5ea6\u306f bullet \u306b\u3088\u308b\u30dd\u30c3\u30d7\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u306f\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30ed\u30b0\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4eca\u5ea6\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a SQL \u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
Shop Load (0.3ms) SELECT \"shops\".* FROM \"shops\" ORDER BY id\r\n Prefecture Load (0.5ms) SELECT \"prefectures\".* FROM \"prefectures\" WHERE \"prefectures\".\"id\" IN (73, 126, 36, ...)<\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8<\/h2>\n
\uff08\u203b2013\/07\/04 \u8ffd\u8a18: bullet-4.5.0 \u3067\u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
bullet \u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068 N+1 \u554f\u984c\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b bullet \u306b\u3088\u308b\u901a\u77e5\u3092\u30aa\u30d5\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
bullet 4.5.0 \u304b\u3089\u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
config.after_initialize do\r\n Bullet.enable = true\r\n Bullet.alert = true\r\n Bullet.bullet_logger = true\r\n Bullet.console = true\r\n Bullet.rails_logger = true\r\n\r\n # \u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6307\u5b9a.\r\n Bullet.add_whitelist type: :n_plus_one_query, class_name: 'User', association: :prefecture\r\n Bullet.add_whitelist type: :unused_eager_loading, class_name: 'User', association: :prefecture\r\n Bullet.add_whitelist type: :counter_cache, class_name: 'User', association: :comments\r\nend<\/pre>\ntype \u306b\u306f\u300cn_plus_one_query (N+1 \u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u305f\u30af\u30a8\u30ea)\u300d\u3001\u300cunused_eager_loading (include \u306b\u3088\u308b\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u5148\u8aad\u307f)\u300d\u3001\u300ccounter_cache (\u95a2\u9023\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c Counter Cache \u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044)\u300d\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001class_name \u3068 association \u306b\u306f\u30db\u30ef\u30a4\u30c8\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u5165\u308c\u308b\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3068\u30a2\u30bd\u30b7\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n
\u30df\u30b9\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306f\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001bullet \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30df\u30b9\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5fc3\u5f37\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3001\u9234\u6728\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
Rails \u306e\u4fbf\u5229\u306a\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3092\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u3067\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u300cN+1 \u554f\u984c\u300d\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3001bullet \u3067\u3059\u3002
\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080...<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[91,18,84],"tags":[22,24,70],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=653"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17991,"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions\/17991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techscore.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}